Dijkastra’s Algorithm in C++

Do you know what is Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++ programming language? Have you ever thought about the process to find Dijkastra Algorithm C++ Implementation method? Let us try to understand what is Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++ & then we will find out the C++ Dijkastra’s Algortihm for easy implementation of the code.

But before we start writing about Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++, there is a need to understand what is C++ Dijkastra’s Algortihm. After that, we will move to Dijkastra Algorithm C++ Implementation process. Let us discuss one real-life example that will help to find out this concept more easily.

Let us try to assume one daily life scenario.

Suppose, you want to visit an airport that is situated in another city. Now, for going to that place, there are two possible ways are present. In one case, you need to catch up with a train that drops you at that location. And in another case, there are bus services from your city to that location. So, you can avail of a bus also. But the train consumes much less time than the bus. So, what will you do in such a case? You need to choose an efficient method to move that place.

There is no doubt that you are going to choose the train service instead of the bus service. As the train takes a small amount of time compared with the bus service. The same thing goes for the C++ Dijkastra’s Algortihm. Here, we are going to choose the efficient methods to move to the destination point very easily & rapidly. You will know more about this when we will discuss Dijkastra Algorithm C++ Implementation method. But there is a need to know about C++ Dijkastra’s Algortihm briefly before moving to the core part of this topic. So, let us first outline the C++ Dijkastra’s Algortihm.

 

 

 

What Is C++ Dijkastra’s Algortihm? Read Below

 

The C++ Dijkastra’s Algortihm is often termed the Shortest Path Algorithm. As it is the theory that helps to find out the shortest path from the given graph. But before we start briefing about the C++ Dijkastra’s Algortihm, there is a need to know about the graph in a very small chunk. A graph is a special Data Structure that is developed with the help of the tree concept. The graph is a non-linear data structure. There are two different components are present. One is the Nodes & another is the Edges.

Now, the Nodes are known as the Vertices in the graph concept. And the Edges don’t have any different names here. Based on the value of the edges many operations are done on the graphs. C++ Dijkastra’s Algortihm is one of the similar operations on the graph. There is a need to start the graph from one of the vertices. And the graph traverses to different vertices based on the values of the edges. You should need to remember that vertices move towards the vertices who has the smallest value of edges.

C++ Dijkastra’s Algortihm will become the easiest one when we are going to discuss it in a more detailed way. There is a need to know that Dijkastra Algorithm C++ Implementation method will be failed for only one reason. You should always remember that the values of the edges will always be positive. If the value of the edges is provided as a negative one, then Dijkastra Algorithm C++ Implementation method will be failed. As we are going to add the value of the edges while calculating the shortest path.

Also, if you want to read more article on C++ the you can check out our article on “How Does Bubble Sort Work In C++?”

 

What Is The Algorithm For Dijkastra’s Method? Get To Know

 

Before we start writing about Dijkastra Algorithm C++ Implementation method, there is a need to know about the algorithm details that Dijkastra’s method follows. It is the algorithm that will be implemented in the C++ programming language to find out the sequence of the vertices using the shortest path. So, you need to focus on the following points that will help to know about the algorithm steps:

1. There is a need to mark all the vertices present in the graph as the unvisited ones. Also, there will be a list of vertices that will be visited with time.
2. When the program starts with any of the vertices that will be marked as the visited one & will be placed into another part.
3. There is a need to find out the shortest path present in the neighboring vertices. After finding out the shortest path, if the path length is smaller than any other path, that should be chosen. And that neighboring vertices will be marked as visited.
4. The same process needs to be followed. Step 4 needs to be executed till all the nodes are marked as visited. There is a need to use the recursion method or a loop to complete the process.
5. When all the vertices are marked as visited, there is a need to conclude the program & print the output.

 

What Are The Applications Of Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++?

 

Before we start discussing Dijkastra Algorithm C++ Implementation method, there is a need to know about the applications related to Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++. It will help to clarify your concept that how efficient & needed the algorithm is. The different domain uses the same theory to implement different gadgets that help to reduce the work. So, let us try to focus on the following point of application of Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++.

• Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++ is highly used in the computer networking concept to find out the nearest node present that helps to work routers & other internet gadgets.
• This algorithm helps to find out the shortest distance between two locations which helps to develop different map applications in android or web browsers.
• Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++ helps to find out the nearest switching station in the telephonic conversation process that helps to connect one device to another easily.
• This algorithm is used to find out possible hops present in a computer network. And if they are present, it helps to reduce the count in the computer networking.
• Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++ helps to find out the shortest path present in between the handshake method or the connection build-up with the help of that method. Simply, it helps in electronic engineering also.

 

Theory Of Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++:

 

Before we start writing about Dijkastra Algorithm C++ Implementation process, there is a need to clear the theory of Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++. For clearing the theory of Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++, there is a need to go through it in step by step format. Also, there is a need to have some vertices & edges to define the theory. We need to look at the following pictures with the step-by-step theory to understand the process more easily. Here, the graph is used as undirected. That means, using the edges users can move to both of the nodes. So, let us start from the beginning.

 

• Step 1: Starting The Traversing:

In the provided graph, there is a need to start from any of the vertices. Here, we are assuming that the starting vertice will be the A node. So, we have marked the A node as the visited one. And the remaining other nodes as the unvisited ones. Then we need to move ahead with the help of the shortest path. It will be cleared when the next step will be discussed.

 

 

• Step 2: Move To Neighbour:

Now, from the A node, there is a need to stare at two of its neighbor. We can see there are two neighbors present. One is the B vertice & the other is the C vertice. Now, there is a need to look at the value of the edges. The value of the edges helps to find out which vertice is placed near the current vertice. As the edge that connects A vertice with B vertice has the smallest value, then as per the theory of Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++, we need to move to the B vertice. And the B vertice will be marked as the visited one.

 

• Step 3: Concluding The Process:

Now, the B vertice is marked. Also, one of its neighboring vertices is marked as a visited one. It is the A vertice. Now, only one node is left there that is not marked with the visited. It is the C node. Now, there is a need to mark that node as the visited one. And it will be placed on the visited list. As the unvisited list is now empty, then the program needs to be concluded. Hence, we have got the sequence of the nodes based on the shortest path.

 

Dijkastra Algorithm C++ Implementation Method:

 

Dijkastra Algorithm C++ Implementation process is very simple. There is a need to have different knowledge of the concept beforehand to understand this process more clearly. There is a need to have a good grip on the Array concept. As well as you need to know about the for loops, function calling, etc. to develop the programming easily. The process starts from the main function. In the main function, there is a need to take all the edge values as a format in a 2D array.

After taking the array, there is a need to send the details of those arrays to another function to implement some more operations. In that function, we are going to share all the array data to that function. After that, we are going to mark the nodes as unvisited ones. Only the starting node will be marked as the visited one. Then we will provide an initial value to those nodes as infinite to calculate the process. After that, there is a need to check the shortest path present between two nodes in another function.

In that function, if the node is marked as an unvisited one & has the minimum length of edge that will be marked as the minimum one. And it will return to that function. Then there is a need to again change the structure of the visited & unvisited node list. This process will be continuously followed till all the nodes are checked there.

After all the nodes as checked, there is a need to print that. There is a need to print the ASCII values of the node edge numbers. As well as there is a need to print the edge value of the nodes. It will come as the sequence of the nodes in the output. Hence, we have completed the process.

Example:

 

#include<iostream>

#include<climits> // Special Head File To Operate Different Operations

using namespace std;

int min(int x[], bool y[]){ // Function To Find Out The Minimum Edge Distance

int m=INT_MAX,z; // Declaring Local Variables

for(int i=0;i<3;i++){  // Loop To Check Shortest Distance In Neighbouring Nodes

if(y[i]==false && x[i]<=m){  // Condition To Check Unvisited Nodes

m=x[i]; // Updating The Minimum Edge

z=i;}}

return z;}  // Returning The Value}

void Dij(int a[3][3],int st){ // Important Function To Do All Operations

int d[3]; bool t[3];

for(int i = 0; i<3; i++){ // Loop To Set ALl Nodes As Unvisited And Providing Value As Infinite

d[i] = INT_MAX; // Providing Infinite Value

t[i] = false;} // Unvisited Nodes

d[st] = 0; // Source Vertex Is Zero            

for(int i = 0; i<3; i++){ // Loop To Perform Last Operations                         

int x=min(d,t);t[x]=true; // Marking Vertex As Visited

for(int i = 0; i<3; i++){ // Loop To Update All The Details    

if(!t[i] && a[x][i] && d[x]!=INT_MAX && d[x]+a[x][i]<d[i]) d[i]=d[x]+a[x][i];}} // Adding The Values

cout<<"Node Name\t\tSource Distance"<<endl; // Printing The Result

for(int i = 0; i<3; i++){ // Loop To Do Printing                    

char st=65+i; // Printing ASCII Value

cout<<st<<"\t\t\t"<<d[i]<<endl; }} // Printing Original Value

int main(){ // Main Function

Let us try to find out the output of the above code. It will help to know about Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++.

Output:

 

 

Conclusion:

 

As we saw Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++ is a very important topic.

There is a need to understand the concept clearly before going through the implementation process. There is a need to clear the theory of the topic to understand the overall process in Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++.

It is advisable to clear the basic concept of the C++ programming language. It will help to understand the implementation process of Dijkastra’s Algorithm C++ more easily. There is a need to clear this concept. As it will help us to solve different difficult problems in the future.

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